Basics of SS7 or Signaling System 7

SS7- Signaling System 7:

It is an international telecommunication standard protocol used by mobile networks around the world.

SS7 is a protocol is widely used for common channel signaling between interconnected networks.

SS7 is used to interconnect most of the cellular MSCs .And is the key factor in enabling autonomous registration and automated roaming in first generation cellular systems.

Network Services part provides ISDN nodes with highly reliable and efficient means of exchanging signaling traffic using connection less services. 

The Signaling connection control part [SCCP] in ss7 actually supports packet data network interconnections as well as connection-oriented networking to virtual circuit networks.

The SS7 was the foundation for signaling for 2G and 3G circuit switch Network.

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Basics of Mobile Backhaul

Mobile Backhaul

In a Telecommunication network the backhaul portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network or backbone of the network and the small subnetworks at the edge of the entire hierarchical network.

like MSC-BSC-MSC or MSC-BSC-BTS-BSC-MSC

Examples:

• Connecting wireless base stations to the corresponding base station controllers.
• Connecting DSLAMS to nearest ATM or ethernet aggregation controllers.
• Connecting a large company's site to a metro ethernet network.

CORE NETWORK

A core network is a central part of telecom network that provides various services to customers who are connected by the access network.

Functionality of CORE NETWORK:-

1.Aggregation
2.Authentication
3.Call control/switching
4.Charging
5.Service Invocation
6.Gateways

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Life from 1G to 4G

Mobile Connectivity 1G to 4G at a Glance

1G- 1st Generation Mobile/ wireless Communication 

Speed approx 2.4Kbps

2G- 2nd Generation Mobile/wireless Communication

Speed approx 1.3 Mbps

3G- 3rd Generation Mobile/wireless Communication

Speed approx 2 Mbps

Coming 4G- 4th Generation Mobile/wireless Communication

Speed approx 100 mbps- 1 Gbps

4th Generation

As we all are presently in 3G communication, we have crossed the 1G and 2G phase which have given the path to get more speed in coming technology. Now the very future is coming for 4th generation with more speed.

The WWRF (Wireless World Research Forum) defines 4G as a network that operates on Internet technology, combines it with other applications and technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX, and runs at speeds ranging from 100 Mbps (in cell-phone networks) to 1 Gbits (in local Wi-Fi networks). 

4G is not just one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies and protocols to enable the highest throughput, lowest cost wireless network possible. The official designation from the IEEE for 4G is Beyond 3G. 

Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are WiMAX, WiBro, and the proposed 3GPP Long Term Evolution work-in-progress technologies such as HSOPA. 4G is tower less wireless, more formally known as wireless ad hoc peer-to-peer networking. New data services, interactive TV and evolving Internet behavior will influence mobile data usage. Long sessions in always-on mode will force a re-think of radio access technology to achieve the required – but not easy to attain – capacity (Gbit/s/km) at low cost. 

Many technologies are competing on the road to 4G, Three paths are possible, even if they are more or less specialized. The first is the 3G-centric path, in which Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) will be progressively pushed to the point at which terminal manufacturers will give up. When this point is reached, another technology will be needed to realize the required increases in capacity and data rates.. The second path is the radio LAN one. Widespread deployment of Wi-Fi for PCs, laptops and PDAs. In enterprises, voice may start to be carried by Voice over Wireless LAN (VoWLAN). However, it is not clear what the next successful technology will be. Reaching a consensus on a 200 Mbit/s (and more) technology will be a lengthy task, with too many proprietary solutions on offer.

A third path is IEEE 802.16e and 802.20, which are simpler than 3G for the equivalent performance. A core network evolution towards a broadband Next Generation Network (NGN) will facilitate the introduction of new access network technologies through standard access gateways, based on ETSI-TISPAN, ITU-T, 3GPP, China Communication Standards Association (CCSA) and other standards. How can an operator provide a large number of users with high session data rates using its existing infrastructure? 

The first (called “parent coverage”) is dedicated to large coverage and real-time services. Legacy technologies, such as 2G/3G and their evolutions will be complemented by Wi-Fi and WiMAX.

4G Features:

Multimedia, HD Voice, HD Video and other broadband internet services.

High speed internet with low cost.

And here comes 5G....Future Ahead..