Basics of Telecommunication

Telecommunication Basics 

Telecommunication is a combination of hardware and software that transmits/sends packet/ information/ data (text, voice, video, emails) from one location to another location through a medium of transmission via signal.

Signal refers to any time varying, voltage, current or electromagnetic wave that carries information. 

There are basically two systems in a telecommunication concept for processing of signal. Analog system for analog signal and Digital systems for digital signal.

Analog Signal: Continuous waves that transmit information by altering the amplitude and frequency of the waves.

Digital Signal: A discrete pulse, either on or off, that conveys information in a binary form. 

 The primary components of a telecommunication system:

• Hardware devices
• Communications media
• Communications networks
• Communications software
• Service provider
• Protocols
• Applications

Hardware devices are that support data transmission and reception across a telecommunications system.

Modem: Modem or short form of (Modulation and Demodulation) is a device that converts signals from analog to digital and vice-versa.

Communication channel: Medium for transmitting data/signal from one location to another. Again it is distributed as Wired and Wireless media.

Wired: Co-axial, copper, fibre, etc.

Wireless: Radio Frequency, GSM, Bluetooth, etc.  

Telecommunication is very important for business now a days due to the huge demand in using web, email, social media and social networking, web-conferencing, phone services, file sharing, data sharing and many more.  Telecommunication helps to improve efficiencies and performance. 

Later we will discuss more on the cabling systems and networking devices used  as well as other telecommunication concepts and system.

-DR

 

Basics of GPRS

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service

GPRS is a packet based data network, which is suited for non real time internet usage. GSM based mobile packet data.

GPRS Supports multi-user network sharing of individual radio channels and time slots. 

Channel Bandwidth: 200Khz, FDD enabled.

-DR

Basics of Multiplexing and WDM

Multiplexing

Multiplexing is a technique used to combine and transmit the multiple data streams over a single medium. The process of combining the data streams is known as multiplexing and hardware used for multiplexing is known as a multiplexer.

Multiplexing is accomplished by using a device called Multiplexer (MUX) that combines an input lines to generate a single output line. It follows many to one approach.

De-multiplexing is achieved by using a device called De-multiplexer (DEMUX) available at the receiving end. DEMUX separates a signal into its component signals (one input and n outputs). Therefore, we can say that de-multiplexing follows the one-to-many approach.

Advantage:

• More than one signal can be sent over a single medium.
• The bandwidth of a medium can be utilized efficiently.

There are mainly two types of multiplexers, namely analog and digital. They are further divided as below;

• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Wavelength division multiplexing

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a fibre optical communication technique that enables the use of multiple light wavelengths or multiple colours of light to send data/traffic over the same medium. There are two types of WDM

• DWDM (Dense WDM)
• CWDM (Coarse WDM)

Coarse WDM (CWDM):  CWDM is defined by WDM systems with fewer than eight active wavelengths per fibre. CWDM is used at short range communications. CWDM is a compact and cost-effective option.

Dense WDM (DWDM): DWDM is defined in terms of frequencies. It is for systems with more than eight active wavelengths per fibre. 

-DR